This PhD will investigate the combination of immersive displays (virtual reality) and rapid manufacturing (such as 3D printing) to create blended virtual-physical environments. Usually, everything in VR is completely virtual, but she will investigate using 3D printing, laser cutting and other low-cost, rapid fabrication processes to physically manufacture parts of the environment; then track and seamlessly integrate the physical components into the virtual environment. While this approach has been tried in several domains already, such as training and games, in this project she will take a fundamental principles approach, aiming to create a toolkit for creating and integrating physical and virtual environments. The research methods will involve human-computer interaction design, co-creation with users, iterative design and prototyping, qualitative and quantitative experiential testing in labs.